Automatic Distractor Generation for Multiple Choice Questions in Standard Tests

To assess the knowledge proficiency of a learner, multiple choice question is an efficient and widespread form in standard tests. However, the composition of the multiple choice question, especially the construction of distractors is quite challenging. The distractors are required to both incorrect and plausible enough to confuse the learners who did not master the knowledge. Currently, the distractors are generated by domain experts which are both expensive and time-consuming. This urges the emergence of automatic distractor generation, which can benefit various standard tests in a wide range of domains. In this paper, we propose a question and answer guided distractor generation (EDGE) framework to automate distractor generation. EDGE consists of three major modules: (1) the Reforming Question Module and the Reforming Passage Module apply gate layers to guarantee the inherent incorrectness of the generated distractors; (2) the Distractor Generator Module applies attention mechanism to control the level of plausibility. Experimental results on a large-scale public dataset demonstrate that our model significantly outperforms existing models and achieves a new state-of-the-art.Comment: accepted by COLING202

Energy Transfer Concept in AC/DC Switch Mode Power Supply with Power Factor Correction

A new innovative concept in AC/DC converter that transfers energy to the output side directly from the input line, rather than from the storage capacitor in power factor correction (PFC) cell during the line voltage exceeds the present value. The new concept is based on providing additional winding coupled to the DC/DC transformer connected to the rectified input side to provide a path for the energy transfer from the line to transfer to the output directly (Boost converter) or to be stored in the output transformer Flyback cell)

Ethyl 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl­ate

The non-H atoms of the title compound, C9H13NO2, are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0358 Å). Weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into zigzag chains along the b axis with graph-set motif C(5). The chains are further linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Ethyl 5-[(2,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imino­meth­yl]-3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C21H24N4O3, the mol­ecule has an E configuration about the imine C=N double bond. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds assemble mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers

Dilemma in All-optical Characterization of Single-layer NiI2 Multiferroics

Matters Arising in Nature on "Evidence for a single layer van der Waals multiferroic". The search for two dimensional multiferroic materials is an exciting yet challenging endeavor. Recently, Song reported the exciting discovery of type II multiferroic order in an antiferromagnetic (AFM) NiI2 single layer and concluded the ferroelectric (FE) polarization induced by a helical magnetic order1. Their finding was presented from all optical experimental evidence, based on the methods of second harmonic generation (SHG) and linear dichroism (LD). However, the all optical characterizations cannot serve as unanimous evidence of the FE existence, particularly in conjunction with magnetic orders in a single layer NiI2 multiferroic. We have designed and built a Magneto-Optical-Electric Joint-measurement Scanning Imaging system (MOEJSI) for identification of two-dimensional vdW multiferroic.Comment: 7 page